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Friday, January 4, 2013

A diet to cure Cancer


Sorry, but there's no such thing as a diet that cures cancer

Professor Karol Sikora
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Yesterday, The Marchioness of Worcester announced that an ‘alkaline diet’ — free from alcohol, meat and processed food — had helped her beat cancer.
Here, in an open letter to the Marchioness, eminent cancer specialist Professor Karol Sikora argues that this diet has no power against  the disease — and could  even prove harmful.

Dear Tracy Worcester,

Tracy Worcester has 'never felt better' after following an alkaline diet
Tracy Worcester has 'never felt better' after following an alkaline diet

This week I was so glad to read that you have ‘never felt better’ three years after treatment for breast cancer.
At the end of the day, that is the only thing that matters.
But I have to be honest. 

I don’t agree you owe it all to complementary medicine and ‘alkalining’ your body by eating a diet low in acidic foods.
When it comes to the alkaline diet for cancer patients, I am sceptical.

I’m not averse to patients trying anything — within reason. 

Two of my patients, on their own initiative, are using the alkaline diet, which claims to halt the spread of cancer by making the body fluids more acidic, and they both tell me that it has helped them feel better. 

But I must say there is no evidence that it has made any real difference at all.
Both my patients have done well and treatment is working, but there is no way of telling if they would have done worse without an alkaline diet. 

Cancer therapy these days can be very effective and we expect good results more often than not.
The only way to prove the diet works would be to carry a randomised controlled trial on many different patients — some of whom use it and others who don’t.
As far as I know, that has never been done. 

The alkaline diet, which has its origins in the Twenties, is a loose name for lots of different related diets. 

Lots of people claim to have designed their own version of this diet, but so far none of them have come up with any real evidence that it works.
 
The concept of an alkaline diet starts with the premise that cancer cells thrive in acidic environments — possibly because this encourages cell mutation — and will shrink and die in alkaline environments. 

Our bodies are normally very slightly alkaline — with a pH of 7.2.
So the idea is you eat lots of alkaline foods, such as squash, lettuce, tomatoes, celery, carrots, onions, chickpeas, spinach, cucumber, basil, parsley, olive oil, lemons, limes and watermelons to raise your pH level to around 8. 

At the same time, you avoid acidic foods such as sugar, meat, dairy products, white rice and pasta and cut out coffee and alcohol.

In fact, if you test your urine on this kind of regime, you may well find that your urine levels are more alkaline than normal. So far, so effective. 

But there are two problems. The first is that the basic premise — that cancer cells thrive in acidic surroundings — is controversial.
Yes, it can be shown in a laboratory, but it has never been shown in human patients.
Fresh spinach
Tomatoes drizzled with olive oil
The idea is that you eat lots of alkaline foods, such as spinach, tomatoes and olive oil, to raise your pH level to around 8

And what happens in a test tube is often very far removed from real practice.
The second thing is the body itself balances pH levels. It doesn’t matter what you eat.

If your pH level rises, the body can alter this back to normal using mechanisms like increasing the pace of breathing and excreting more alkaline through the kidneys. 

The pH balance of the body cannot be changed for any meaningful length of time. Yes, your urine may be more alkaline, but that just shows your body is adjusting and excreting excess alkaline content. 

Looking at you now — glowing with good health — it seems likely that you used a balanced form of the alkaline diet alongside conventional treatments and this is probably the best way to do it.

In theory, the alkaline diet is quite a healthy diet, but not for the reasons you think — and it can’t claim to beat cancer.
It involves increasing your intake of vegetables which are packed with beneficial antioxidants that help to mop up damaging free radicals in the blood.

It also means avoiding saturated fat, which will improve your heart health and reduce levels of bad cholesterol.
But, unfortunately, there are more extreme versions of the alkaline diet which may cause health problems. 

The first priority should always be to make sure you are getting sufficient calories if you are undergoing treatment for cancer — around 2,000 a day.
Any diet which restricts calories is a bad idea.

A balanced version of the alkaline diet does not mean cutting down on the amount of food consumed — just switching to more vegetables and fish instead of pasta and meat — but more extreme versions could mean someone finds it difficult to get enough calories.

I’m also concerned about alkaline diets which cut out all dairy — not the sort you followed where you cut out alcohol, meat and processed food — because this is an important source of vitamin D, vital for bone health. 

Many types of chemotherapy can lead to brittle bones and although we now have medications to try to prevent this, it is important to maintain a diet which is high in calcium and vitamin D. 

You can eat fish and eggs on the alkaline diet, but not red meat. This is also a rich source of iron which is needed for healthy blood production
You can eat fish and eggs on the alkaline diet, but not red meat. This is also a rich source of iron which is needed for healthy blood production

There are also studies that show vitamin D can extend cancer survival rates, although it is not going to cure you if you have metastatic cancer which has spread to the bones already. 

Many sources of protein — which is vital for healthy tissue repair — are restricted or excluded on alkaline diets.
You can eat fish and eggs on the alkaline diet, but not red meat. This is also a rich source of iron which is needed for healthy blood production.

I would hate other cancer patients to start thinking that a radical diet would be a magic bullet because it seemed to work for you, Tracy.

The alkaline diet is not the only questionable cancer-busting diet out there.
I have looked at quite a few faddy diets which claim to help cancer patients over the 40 years I have been practising as an oncologist. 

Some involve eating a huge amount of something like watercress or beans or going to great lengths to avoid certain foods such as dairy products or eggs.
Some people also believe that eating times should be rigidly fixed around the body clock. 

Some eat nothing but sardines and brazil nuts or take a spoonful of bicarbonate of soda with every meal. I can honestly say I have never found one that does what it claims to do. 

Mostly, these diets help people who want to feel they are ‘doing something’ to help themselves when they have a life-threatening disease.

I recently visited the Gerson Clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, where patients — mainly Americans — are on very strict onerous regimes involving having raw carrot juice every hour and coffee enemas.

The clinic overlooks the Pacific Ocean and it is used mainly by people who have run out of other avenues to explore and are already very ill.
It seemed to me the lives of the patients were severely restricted by these measures, when they already had little time left. You could actually say the diet was damaging their quality of life and the quality of life of their nearest and dearest. 

The people who run the clinic say they have evidence that Gerson therapy works, but I can’t find any evidence of scientific credibility.

The link between diet and cancer is complicated, and scientists have not yet unravelled the exact mechanisms involved.

This is because diets are made up of different foods containing many nutrients that interact in different ways in individuals. 

As a general rule, I recommend my patients eat bland foods to settle the stomach and eat little and often if they don’t have the appetite for larger meals.
It is wise to eat more fruit and vegetables and unrefined cereals and to minimise your intake of alcohol. 

You only need two or three portions of red meat each week to stay healthy and you should limit the amount of salt you eat.
But there is no evidence that foods can boost cancer treatment success rates or the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Another advocate of changing your diet as a cure for cancer is Dr Julian Kenyon, who runs the Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine in Hampshire and offers help to cancer patients in extremis. 

However, his therapeutic regimes includes some questionable treatments, including elimination diets and photodynamic therapy, which is when diseased cells are exposed to light which causes a series of events in the cell, leading to their destruction.


Certainly, trying to find a cure at the Dove Clinic can cost each patient up to £20,000 — which may be a big financial strain.

I never want to take away hope from my patients and I’m happy for people to explore all avenues to help themselves.
I’ve got one patient who goes jogging after each chemotherapy session and he says it makes him feel great. 

Another eats porridge before she has chemotherapy and says it helps her not to feel sick. 

But doctors have to be careful not to give patients false hope.
The idea there is any magic diet out there which can improve quality of life on chemotherapy or extend survival rates is, I’m sorry to say, a myth.

Yours, Professor Karol Sikora

Professor Karol Sikora is a consultant oncologist based at Hammersmith Hospital in  London and is the founder of cancerpartnersuk.org, a network  of cancer treatment centres.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2255445/Marchioness-Worcester-Sorry-theres-thing-diet-cures-cancer.html#ixzz2H1T2X5MB
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Thursday, December 20, 2012

Using Facebook.....



Using Facebook makes us more likely to eat unhealthy snacks by lowering our self-control

  • Those who chatted with close friends via social network had higher levels of self-esteem but this caused a dip in self-control
  • This meant users were more likely to snack on unhealthy snacks immediately after logging off
By Claire Bates
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Using Facebook makes you fat - but not for the reason you might think.
Researchers found those who socialised regularly with their friends on the networking website had higher levels of self-esteem but lower levels of self-control.
This meant they were more likely to snack on unhealthy food once they had logged off - particularly if they had been chatting with close friends.


Contacting your friends on Facebook can cause a dip in self-control
Most at risk: Teenagers and young adults are the heaviest users of social networks and have grown up using them


The team from Columbia University and the University of Pittsburgh suggested it was this factor that could be driving weight gain rather than by encouraging users to be sedentary.

Writing in the Journal of Consumer Research, they explained: 'Using online social networks can have a positive effect on self-esteem and well-being. However, these increased feelings of self-worth can have a detrimental effect on behaviour.

'Because consumers care about the image they present to close friends, social network use enhances self-esteem in users who are focused on close friends while browsing their social network. This momentary increase in self-esteem leads them to display less self-control after browsing a social network.'
 
The scientists used five experiments on the behaviour of Facebook users to see how it affected them when they were offline. 

The studies suggested there was a link between the use of the website and poor self-control over what they ate and how much money they spent.

Contacting your friends on Facebook can cause a dip in self-control
Contacting your friends on Facebook can cause a dip in self-control


They found people who used Facebook to contact their friends were more likely to binge eat and be overweight. They also had higher levels of credit card debt.

The same was not true of people who focused on 'weak ties' - people they were less familiar with.

The findings have far-reaching implications as Facebook now has over one billion active users, which is one in seven of the world's population.

'These results are concerning given the increased time people spend using social networks, as well as the worldwide proliferation of access to social networks anywhere anytime via smartphones and other gadgets,' the authors said. 

'Given that self-control is important for maintaining social order and personal well-being, this subtle effect could have widespread impact. 

'This is particularly true for adolescents and young adults who are the heaviest users of social networks and have grown up using social networks as a normal part of their daily lives.'

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2251001/Using-Facebook-makes-likely-eat-unhealthy-snacks-lowering-self-control.html#ixzz2FbncK3V7
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Monday, December 17, 2012

The cheat's guide to exercise.....

The cheat's guide to exercise: Taking the stairs one at a time burns MORE calories than leaping up them

By Anna Hodgekiss
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The next time someone bounds past you up the stairs, there's no need to feel guilty.

For ascending one step at a time actually burns more calories than leaping up multiple stairs, new research suggests.

Although more energy is initially expended when taking two steps per stride, over time, more energy is burnt up when you take your time.

Taking the stairs one at a time burns more calories than leaping up multiple steps, say British researchers
Taking the stairs one at a time burns more calories than leaping up multiple steps, say British researchers 

Scientists from the University of Roehampton found climbing five flights of stairs five times a week - an ascent of around 15 meters - burnt an average of 302 calories if the stairs were taken one at a time.

But taking two steps with every stride will only burn 260 calories, they say.

Dr Lewis Halsey, senior lecturer in comparative and environmental physiology at the university, said: 'We were really interested to find out what expended more energy overall - attacking the stairs two at a time and climbing them quickly, or taking them more sedately one step at a time and reaching the top more slowly.

'Our study reported the calories burned ascending stairs, the potential weight loss value of climbing stairs if done regularly and frequently during the week, and also the different energy costs of ascending stairs one step at a time versus two steps at a time.


Previous research from the University of Ulster found office workers who began regularly climbing stairs quickly improved their fitness
Previous research from the University of Ulster found office workers who began regularly climbing stairs quickly improved their fitness

'And our conclusion: it is better to take the stairs one at a time, if you want to burn the most calories.'

He added that the greater total energy expenditure of one-step ascents must be partly explained by the fact it takes longer. 

But there might be a biomechanical explanation, too. Taking the stairs one at a time may result in faster rates of muscle shortening, which increases energy turnover. 

Previous research from the University of Ulster found office workers who began regularly climbing stairs quickly improved their fitness. 

Researchers divided office workers into two groups. One climbed staircases located within an eight-storey office block, consisting of 145 steps. 

They began by climbing the stairs once a day and gradually built up to three over the following five weeks. 

The average speed they climbed was 75 steps a minute.At the end of the trial, the stairclimbing group showed a significant 10 per cent increase in a reading called predicted VO2 max. 

This is measured using your pulse — the time interval between your heartbeats is used to find out how well your body takes up and uses oxygen.

Lead researcher Rodney Kennedy said: 'Given that such improvement resulted from less than 30 minutes per week of moderate exercise, stair climbing in the workplace should be promoted as a health-enhancing physical activity.'

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